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The Bible – New Testament
Saint John
Chapter 8
1
while Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 1
2
But early in the morning he arrived again in the temple area, and all the people started coming to him, and he sat down and taught them.
3
Then the scribes and the Pharisees brought a woman who had been caught in adultery and made her stand in the middle.
4
They said to him, «Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of committing adultery.
5
Now in the law, Moses commanded us to stone such women. 2 So what do you say?»
6
They said this to test him, so that they could have some charge to bring against him. Jesus bent down and began to write on the ground with his finger. 3
7
4 But when they continued asking him, he straightened up and said to them, «Let the one among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.»
8
Again he bent down and wrote on the ground.
9
And in response, they went away one by one, beginning with the elders. So he was left alone with the woman before him.
10
Then Jesus straightened up and said to her, «Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?»
11
She replied, «No one, sir.» Then Jesus said, «Neither do I condemn you. Go, (and) from now on do not sin any more.»
12
5 Jesus spoke to them again, saying, «I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.»
13
So the Pharisees said to him, «You testify on your own behalf, so your testimony cannot be verified.»
14
Jesus answered and said to them, «Even if I do testify on my own behalf, my testimony can be verified, 6 because I know where I came from and where I am going. But you do not know where I come from or where I am going.
15
You judge by appearances, 7 but I do not judge anyone.
16
And even if I should judge, my judgment is valid, because I am not alone, but it is I and the Father who sent me.
17
Even in your law 8 it is written that the testimony of two men can be verified.
18
I testify on my behalf and so does the Father who sent me.»
19
So they said to him, «Where is your father?» Jesus answered, «You know neither me nor my Father. If you knew me, you would know my Father also.»
20
He spoke these words while teaching in the treasury in the temple area. But no one arrested him, because his hour had not yet come.
21
9 10 He said to them again, «I am going away and you will look for me, but you will die in your sin. Where I am going you cannot come.»
22
11 So the Jews said, «He is not going to kill himself, is he, because he said, ‘Where I am going you cannot come’?»
23
He said to them, «You belong to what is below, I belong to what is above. You belong to this world, but I do not belong to this world.
24
That is why I told you that you will die in your sins. For if you do not believe that I AM, 12 you will die in your sins.»
25
13 So they said to him, «Who are you?» Jesus said to them, «What I told you from the beginning.
26
I have much to say about you in condemnation. But the one who sent me is true, and what I heard from him I tell the world.»
27
They did not realize that he was speaking to them of the Father.
28
So Jesus said (to them), «When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will realize that I AM, and that I do nothing on my own, but I say only what the Father taught me.
29
The one who sent me is with me. He has not left me alone, because I always do what is pleasing to him.»
30
Because he spoke this way, many came to believe in him.
31
14 15 Jesus then said to those Jews who believed in him, «If you remain in my word, you will truly be my disciples,
32
and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.»
33
They answered him, «We are descendants of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone. 16 How can you say, ‘You will become free’?»
34
Jesus answered them, «Amen, amen, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave of sin.
35
A slave does not remain in a household forever, but a son 17 always remains.
36
So if a son frees you, then you will truly be free.
37
I know that you are descendants of Abraham. But you are trying to kill me, because my word has no room among you.
38
18 I tell you what I have seen in the Father’s presence; then do what you have heard from the Father.»
39
19 They answered and said to him, «Our father is Abraham.» Jesus said to them, «If you were Abraham’s children, you would be doing the works of Abraham.
40
But now you are trying to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God; Abraham did not do this.
41
You are doing the works of your father!» (So) they said to him, «We are not illegitimate. We have one Father, God.»
42
Jesus said to them, «If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and am here; I did not come on my own, but he sent me.
43
Why do you not understand what I am saying? Because you cannot bear to hear my word.
44
You belong to your father the devil and you willingly carry out your father’s desires. He was a murderer from the beginning and does not stand in truth, because there is no truth in him. When he tells a lie, he speaks in character, because he is a liar and the father of lies.
45
But because I speak the truth, you do not believe me.
46
Can any of you charge me with sin? If I am telling the truth, why do you not believe me?
47
Whoever belongs to God hears the words of God; for this reason you do not listen, because you do not belong to God.»
48
The Jews answered and said to him, «Are we not right in saying that you are a Samaritan 20 and are possessed?»
49
Jesus answered, «I am not possessed; I honor my Father, but you dishonor me.
50
I do not seek my own glory; there is one who seeks it and he is the one who judges.
51
Amen, amen, I say to you, whoever keeps my word will never see death.»
52
(So) the Jews said to him, «Now we are sure that you are possessed. Abraham died, as did the prophets, yet you say, ‘Whoever keeps my word will never taste death.’
53
Are you greater than our father Abraham, 21 who died? Or the prophets, who died? Who do you make yourself out to be?»
54
Jesus answered, «If I glorify myself, my glory is worth nothing; but it is my Father who glorifies me, of whom you say, ‘He is our God.’
55
You do not know him, but I know him. And if I should say that I do not know him, I would be like you a liar. But I do know him and I keep his word.
56
Abraham your father rejoiced to see my day; he saw it 22 and was glad.
57
So the Jews said to him, «You are not yet fifty years old and you have seen Abraham?» 23
58
24 Jesus said to them, «Amen, amen, I say to you, before Abraham came to be, I AM.»
59
So they picked up stones to throw at him; but Jesus hid and went out of the temple area.
1 [1] Mount of Olives: not mentioned elsewhere in the gospel tradition outside of passion week.
2 [5] ⇒ Lev 20:10 and ⇒ Deut 22:22 mention only death, but ⇒ Deut 22:23-24 prescribes stoning for a betrothed virgin.
3 [6] Cf ⇒ Jeremiah 17:13 (RSV): «Those who turn away from thee shall be written in the earth, for they have forsaken the , the fountain of living water»; cf ⇒ John 7:38.
4 [7] The first stones were to be thrown by the witnesses (⇒ Deut 17:7).
5 [12-20] Jesus the light of the world. Jesus replaces the four torches of the illumination of the temple as the light of joy.
6 [14] My testimony can be verified: this seems to contradict ⇒ John 5:31 but the emphasis here is on Jesus’ origin from the Father and his divine destiny. Where I am going: indicates Jesus’ passion and glorification.
7 [15] By appearances: literally, «according to the flesh.» I do not judge anyone: superficial contradiction of ⇒ John 5:22, ⇒ 27, ⇒ 30; here the emphasis is that the judgment is not by material standards.
8 [17] Your law: a reflection of later controversy between church and synagogue.
9 [21-30] He whose ambassador I am is with me. Jesus’ origin is from God; he can reveal God.
10 [21] You will die in your sin: i.e., of disbelief; cf ⇒ John 8:24. Where I am going you cannot come: except through faith in Jesus’ passion-resurrection.
11 [22] The Jews suspect that he is referring to his death. Johannine irony is apparent here; Jesus’ death will not be self-inflicted but destined by God.
12 [24,28] I AM: an expression that late Jewish tradition understood as Yahweh’s own self-designation (⇒ Isaiah 43:10); see the note on ⇒ John 4:26. Jesus is here placed on a par with Yahweh.
13 [25] What I told you from the beginning: this verse seems textually corrupt, with several other possible translations: «(I am) what I say to you»; «Why do I speak to you at all?» The earliest attested reading (Bodmer Papyrus P66) has (in a second hand), «I told you at the beginning what I am also telling you (now).» The answer here (cf ⇒ Proverb 8:22) seems to hinge on a misunderstanding of ⇒ John 8:24 «that I AM» as «what I am.»
14 [31-59] Jesus’ origin («before Abraham») and destiny are developed; the truth will free them from sin (⇒ John 8:34) and death (⇒ John 8:51).
15 [31] Those Jews who believed in him: a rough editorial suture, since in ⇒ John 8:37 they are described as trying to kill Jesus.
16 [33] Have never been enslaved to anyone: since, historically, the Jews were enslaved almost continuously, this verse is probably Johannine irony, about slavery to sin.
17 [35] A slave . . . a son: an allusion to Ishmael and Isaac (Genesis 16; 21), or to the release of a slave after six years (⇒ Exodus 21:2; ⇒ Deut 15:12).
18 [38] The Father: i.e., God. It is also possible, however, to understand the second part of the verse as a sarcastic reference to descent of the Jews from the devil (⇒ John 8:44), «You do what you have heard from [your] father.»
19 [39] The works of Abraham: Abraham believed; cf ⇒ Romans 4:11-17; ⇒ James 2:21-23.
20 [48] Samaritan: therefore interested in magical powers; cf ⇒ Acts 7:14-24.
21 [53] Are you greater than our father Abraham?: cf ⇒ John 4:12.
22 [56] He saw it: this seems a reference to the birth of Isaac (⇒ Genesis 17:7; ⇒ 21:6), the beginning of the fulfillment of promises about Abraham’s seed.
23 [57] The evidence of the third-century Bodmer Papyrus P75 and the first hand of Codex Sinaiticus indicates that the text originally read: «How can Abraham have seen you?»
24 [58] Came to be, I AM: the Greek word used for «came to be» is the one used of all creation in the prologue, while the word used for «am» is the one reserved for the Logos.
The Bible – Old Testament
Daniel
Chapter 13
1
1 In Babylon there lived a man named Joakim,
2
who married a very beautiful and God-fearing woman, Susanna, the daughter of Hilkiah;
3
her pious parents had trained their daughter according to the law of Moses.
4
Joakim was very rich; he had a garden near his house, and the Jews had recourse to him often because he was the most respected of them all.
5
That year, two elders of the people were appointed judges, of whom the Lord said, «Wickedness has come out of Babylon: from the elders who were to govern the people as judges.»
6
These men, to whom all brought their cases, frequented the house of Joakim.
7
When the people left at noon, Susanna used to enter her husband’s garden for a walk.
8
When the old men saw her enter every day for her walk, they began to lust for her.
9
They suppressed their consciences; they would not allow their eyes to look to heaven, and did not keep in mind just judgments.
10
Though both were enamored of her, they did not tell each other their trouble,
11
for they were ashamed to reveal their lustful desire to have her.
12
Day by day they watched eagerly for her.
13
One day they said to each other, «Let us be off for home, it is time for lunch.» So they went out and parted;
14
but both turned back, and when they met again, they asked each other the reason. They admitted their lust, and then they agreed to look for an occasion when they could meet her alone.
15
One day, while they were waiting for the right moment, she entered the garden as usual, with two maids only. She decided to bathe, for the weather was warm.
16
Nobody else was there except the two elders, who had hidden themselves and were watching her.
17
«Bring me oil and soap,» she said to the maids, «and shut the garden doors while I bathe.»
18
They did as she said; they shut the garden doors and left by the side gate to fetch what she had ordered, unaware that the elders were hidden inside.
19
As soon as the maids had left, the two old men got up and hurried to her.
20
«Look,» they said, «the garden doors are shut, and no one can see us; give in to our desire, and lie with us.
21
If you refuse, we will testify against you that you dismissed your maids because a young man was here with you.»
22
«I am completely trapped,» Susanna groaned. «If I yield, it will be my death; if I refuse, I cannot escape your power.
23
Yet it is better for me to fall into your power without guilt than to sin before the Lord.»
24
Then Susanna shrieked, and the old men also shouted at her,
25
as one of them ran to open the garden doors.
26
When the people in the house heard the cries from the garden, they rushed in by the side gate to see what had happened to her.
27
At the accusations by the old men, the servants felt very much ashamed, for never had any such thing been said about Susanna.
28
When the people came to her husband Joakim the next day, the two wicked elders also came, fully determined to put Susanna to death. Before all the people they ordered:
29
«Send for Susanna, the daughter of Hilkiah, the wife of Joakim.» When she was sent for,
30
she came with her parents, children and all her relatives.
31
Susanna, very delicate and beautiful,
32
was veiled; but those wicked men ordered her to uncover her face so as to sate themselves with her beauty.
33
All her relatives and the onlookers were weeping.
34
In the midst of the people the two elders rose up and laid their hands on her head.
35
Through her tears she looked up to heaven, for she trusted in the Lord wholeheartedly.
36
The elders made this accusation: «As we were walking in the garden alone, this woman entered with two girls and shut the doors of the garden, dismissing the girls.
37
A young man, who was hidden there, came and lay with her.
38
When we, in a corner of the garden, saw this crime, we ran toward them.
39
We saw them lying together, but the man we could not hold, because he was stronger than we; he opened the doors and ran off.
40
Then we seized this one and asked who the young man was,
41
but she refused to tell us. We testify to this.» The assembly believed them, since they were elders and judges of the people, and they condemned her to death.
42
But Susanna cried aloud: «O eternal God, you know what is hidden and are aware of all things before they come to be:
43
you know that they have testified falsely against me. Here I am about to die, though I have done none of the things with which these wicked men have charged me.»
44
The Lord heard her prayer.
45
As she was being led to execution, God stirred up the holy spirit of a young boy named Daniel,
46
and he cried aloud: «I will have no part in the death of this woman.»
47
All the people turned and asked him, «What is this you are saying?»
48
He stood in their midst and continued, «Are you such fools, O Israelites! To condemn a woman of Israel without examination and without clear evidence?
49
Return to court, for they have testified falsely against her.»
50
Then all the people returned in haste. To Daniel the elders said, «Come, sit with us and inform us, since God has given you the prestige of old age.»
51
But he replied, «Separate these two far from one another that I may examine them.»
52
After they were separated one from the other, he called one of them and said: «How you have grown evil with age! Now have your past sins come to term:
53
passing unjust sentences, condemning the innocent, and freeing the guilty, although the Lord says, «The innocent and the just you shall not put to death.’
54
Now, then, if you were a witness, tell me under what tree you saw them together.»
55
2 «Under a mastic tree,» he answered. «Your fine lie has cost you your head,» said Daniel; «for the angel of God shall receive the sentence from him and split you in two.»
56
Putting him to one side, he ordered the other one to be brought. «Offspring of Canaan, not of Judah,» Daniel said to him, «beauty has seduced you, lust has subverted your conscience.
57
3 This is how you acted with the daughters of Israel, and in their fear they yielded to you; but a daughter of Judah did not tolerate your wickedness.
58
Now, then, tell me under what tree you surprised them together.»
59
«Under an oak,» he said. «Your fine lie has cost you also your head,» said Daniel; «for the angel of God waits with a sword to cut you in two so as to make an end of you both.»
60
The whole assembly cried aloud, blessing God who saves those that hope in him.
61
They rose up against the two elders, for by their own words Daniel had convicted them of perjury. According to the law of Moses, they inflicted on them the penalty they had plotted to impose on their neighbor:
62
they put them to death. Thus was innocent blood spared that day.
63
Hilkiah and his wife praised God for their daughter Susanna, as did Joakim her husband and all her relatives, because she was found innocent of any shameful deed.
64
And from that day onward Daniel was greatly esteemed by the people.
1 [1] 13, 1-14, 42: The short stories in these two chapters may have originally been about some other Daniel or Daniels Than the hero of the main part of the book. They exist now only in Greek, but probably were first composed in Hebrew or Aramaic. They are excluded from the Jewish canon of Scripture, but the Church has always included them among the inspired writings.
2 [55] 13, 55-59: The contrast between the mastic tree, which is small, and the majestic oak emphasizes the contradiction between the statements of the two elders. In the Greek text there is a play on words between the names of these two trees and the mortal punishment decreed by Daniel for the elders.
3 [57] 13, 57: Besides the evident moral intent of this story, it appears to have served the purpose of contrasting the northern and the southern kingdoms, Israel and Judah, in favor of the latter.
Saint John – Chapter 11
The Bible – New Testament Saint John Chapter 11 1 1 Now a man was ill, Lazarus from Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha. 2 Mary was the one who had anointed the Lord with perfumed oil and dried his feet with her hair; it was her brother Lazarus who was ill. 3… Seguir leyendo Saint John – Chapter 11
The Book of Wisdom – Chapter 2
The Bible – Old Testament The Book of Wisdom Chapter 2 1 they who said among themselves, thinking not aright: «Brief and troublous is our lifetime; neither is there any remedy for man’s dying, nor is anyone known to have come back from the nether world. 2 For haphazard were we born, and hereafter we… Seguir leyendo The Book of Wisdom – Chapter 2
The Book of Wisdom – Introduction
The Bible – Old Testament The Book of Wisdom Index Int. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Introduction The Book of Wisdom was written about a hundred years before the coming of Christ. Its author, whose name is not known to us, was a member of the Jewish community at Alexandria, in… Seguir leyendo The Book of Wisdom – Introduction
The Book of Wisdom – Chapter 1
The Bible – Old Testament The Book of Wisdom Index Int. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Chapter 1 1 1 Love justice, you who judge the earth; think of the LORD in goodness, and seek him in integrity of heart; 2 Because he is found by those who test him not, and… Seguir leyendo The Book of Wisdom – Chapter 1
The Bible – New Testament
Saint John
Chapter 7
1
1 After this, Jesus moved about within Galilee; but he did not wish to travel in Judea, because the Jews were trying to kill him.
2
But the Jewish feast of Tabernacles was near.
3
So his brothers 2 said to him, «Leave here and go to Judea, so that your disciples also may see the works you are doing.
4
No one works in secret if he wants to be known publicly. If you do these things, manifest yourself to the world.»
5
For his brothers did not believe in him.
6
3 So Jesus said to them, «My time is not yet here, but the time is always right for you.
7
The world cannot hate you, but it hates me, because I testify to it that its works are evil.
8
You go up to the feast. I am not going up 4 to this feast, because my time has not yet been fulfilled.»
9
After he had said this, he stayed on in Galilee.
10
But when his brothers had gone up to the feast, he himself also went up, not openly but (as it were) in secret.
11
The Jews were looking for him at the feast and saying, «Where is he?»
12
And there was considerable murmuring about him in the crowds. Some said, «He is a good man,» (while) others said, «No; on the contrary, he misleads the crowd.»
13
Still, no one spoke openly about him because they were afraid of the Jews.
14
5 When the feast was already half over, Jesus went up into the temple area and began to teach.
15
6 The Jews were amazed and said, «How does he know scripture without having studied?»
16
Jesus answered them and said, «My teaching is not my own but is from the one who sent me.
17
Whoever chooses to do his will 7 shall know whether my teaching is from God or whether I speak on my own.
18
Whoever speaks on his own seeks his own glory, but whoever seeks the glory of the one who sent him is truthful, and there is no wrong in him.
19
Did not Moses give you the law? Yet none of you keeps the law. Why are you trying to kill me?»
20
The crowd answered, «You are possessed! 8 Who is trying to kill you?»
21
Jesus answered and said to them, «I performed one work 9 and all of you are amazed
22
because of it. Moses gave you circumcision – not that it came from Moses but rather from the patriarchs – and you circumcise a man on the sabbath.
23
If a man can receive circumcision on a sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, are you angry with me because I made a whole person well on a sabbath?
24
Stop judging by appearances, but judge justly.»
25
So some of the inhabitants of Jerusalem said, «Is he not the one they are trying to kill?
26
And look, he is speaking openly and they say nothing to him. Could the authorities 10 have realized that he is the Messiah?
27
But we know where he is from. When the Messiah comes, no one will know where he is from.»
28
So Jesus cried out in the temple area as he was teaching and said, «You know me and also know where I am from. Yet I did not come on my own, but the one who sent me, whom you do not know, is true.
29
I know him, because I am from him, and he sent me.»
30
So they tried to arrest him, but no one laid a hand upon him, because his hour had not yet come.
31
But many of the crowd began to believe in him, and said, «When the Messiah comes, will he perform more signs than this man has done?»
32
11 The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring about him to this effect, and the chief priests and the Pharisees sent guards to arrest him.
33
So Jesus said, «I will be with you only a little while longer, and then I will go to the one who sent me.
34
You will look for me but not find (me), and where I am you cannot come.»
35
So the Jews said to one another, «Where is he going that we will not find him? Surely he is not going to the dispersion 12 among the Greeks to teach the Greeks, is he?
36
What is the meaning of his saying, ‘You will look for me and not find (me), and where I am you cannot come’?»
37
13 On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and exclaimed, «Let anyone who thirsts come to me and drink.
38
Whoever believes in me, as scripture says: ‘Rivers of living water 14 will flow from within him.'»
39
He said this in reference to the Spirit that those who came to believe in him were to receive. There was, of course, no Spirit yet, 15 because Jesus had not yet been glorified.
40
16 Some in the crowd who heard these words said, «This is truly the Prophet.»
41
Others said, «This is the Messiah.» But others said, «The Messiah will not come from Galilee, will he?
42
Does not scripture say that the Messiah will be of David’s family and come from Bethlehem, the village where David lived?»
43
So a division occurred in the crowd because of him.
44
Some of them even wanted to arrest him, but no one laid hands on him.
45
So the guards went to the chief priests and Pharisees, who asked them, «Why did you not bring him?»
46
The guards answered, «Never before has anyone spoken like this one.»
47
So the Pharisees answered them, «Have you also been deceived?
48
Have any of the authorities or the Pharisees believed in him?
49
But this crowd, which does not know the law, is accursed.»
50
Nicodemus, one of their members who had come to him earlier, said to them,
51
«Does our law condemn a person before it first hears him and finds out what he is doing?»
52
They answered and said to him, «You are not from Galilee also, are you? Look and see that no prophet arises from Galilee.»
53
17 Then each went to his own house,
1 [John 7-8] These chapters contain events about the feast of Tabernacles (Sukkoth, Ingathering: ⇒ Exodus 23:16; Tents, Booths: ⇒ Deut 16:13-16), with its symbols of booths (originally built to shelter harvesters), rain (water from Siloam poured on the temple altar), and lights (illumination of the four torches in the Court of the Women). They continue the theme of the replacement of feasts (Passover, ⇒ John 2:13; ⇒ 6:4; Hanukkah, ⇒ John 10:22; Pentecost, ⇒ John 5:1), here accomplished by Jesus as the Living Water. These chapters comprise seven miscellaneous controversies and dialogues. There is a literary inclusion with Jesus in hiding in ⇒ John 7:4, ⇒ 10; ⇒ 8:59. There are frequent references to attempts on his life: ⇒ John 7:1, ⇒ 13, ⇒ 19, ⇒ 25, ⇒ 30, ⇒ 32, ⇒ 44; ⇒ 8:37, ⇒ 40, ⇒ 59.
2 [3] Brothers: these relatives (cf ⇒ John 2:12 and see the note on ⇒ Mark 6:3) are never portrayed as disciples until after the resurrection (⇒ Acts 1:14). ⇒ Matthew 13:55 and ⇒ Mark 6:3 give the names of four of them. Jesus has already performed works/signs in Judea; cf ⇒ John 2:23; ⇒ 3:2; ⇒ 4:45; ⇒ 5:8.
3 [6] Time: the Greek word means «opportune time,» here a synonym for Jesus’ «hour» (see the note on ⇒ John 2:4), his death and resurrection. In the wordplay, any time is suitable for Jesus’ brothers, because they are not dependent on God’s will.
4 [8] I am not going up: an early attested reading «not yet» seems a correction, since Jesus in the story does go up to the feast. «Go up,» in a play on words, refers not only to going up to Jerusalem but also to exaltation at the cross, resurrection, and ascension; cf ⇒ John 3:14; ⇒ 6:62; ⇒ 20:17.
5 [14-31] Jesus teaches in the temple; debate with the Jews.
6 [15] Without having studied: literally, «How does he know letters without having learned?» Children were taught to read and write by means of the scriptures. But here more than Jesus’ literacy is being discussed; the people are wondering how he can teach like a rabbi. Rabbis were trained by other rabbis and traditionally quoted their teachers.
7 [17] To do his will: presumably a reference back to the «work» of ⇒ John 6:29: belief in the one whom God has sent.
8 [20] You are possessed: literally, «You have a demon.» The insane were thought to be possessed by a demoniacal spirit.
9 [21] One work: the cure of the paralytic (⇒ John 5:1-9) because of the reference to the sabbath (⇒ John 7:22; ⇒ 5:9-10).
10 [26] The authorities: the members of the Sanhedrin (same term as ⇒ John 3:1).
11 [32-36] Jesus announces his approaching departure (cf also ⇒ John 8:21; ⇒ 12:36; ⇒ 13:33) and complete control over his destiny.
12 [35] Dispersion: or «diaspora»: Jews living outside Palestine. Greeks: probably refers to the Gentiles in the Mediterranean area; cf ⇒ John 12:20.
13 [37,39] Promise of living water through the Spirit.
14 [38] Living water: not an exact quotation from any Old Testament passage; in the gospel context the gift of the Spirit is meant; cf ⇒ John 3:5. From within him: either Jesus or the believer; if Jesus, it continues the Jesus-Moses motif (water from the rock, ⇒ Exodus 17:6; ⇒ Numbers 20:11) as well as Jesus as the new temple (cf ⇒ Ezekiel 47:1). Grammatically, it goes better with the believer.
15 [39] No Spirit yet: Codex Vaticanus and early Latin, Syriac, and Coptic versions add «given.» In this gospel, the sending of the Spirit cannot take place until Jesus’ glorification through his death, resurrection, and ascension; cf ⇒ John 20:22.
16 [40-53] Discussion of the Davidic lineage of the Messiah.
17 [⇒ 7:53-⇒ 8:11] The story of the woman caught in adultery is a later insertion here, missing from all early Greek manuscripts. A Western text-type insertion, attested mainly in Old Latin translations, it is found in different places in different manuscripts: here, or after ⇒ John 7:36 or at the end of this gospel, or after ⇒ Luke 21:38, or at the end of that gospel. There are many non-Johannine features in the language, and there are also many doubtful readings within the passage. The style and motifs are similar to those of Luke, and it fits better with the general situation at the end of Luke 21:but it was probably inserted here because of the allusion to ⇒ Jeremiah 17:13 (cf the note on John ⇒ John 8:6) and the statement, «I do not judge anyone,» in ⇒ John 8:15. The Catholic Church accepts this passage as canonical scripture.
Lima: es un fruto, de forma esférica, más pequeño que el limón, con una corteza lisa y amarilla y una pulpa jugosa, de color verdoso.
Mango: es un fruto con una forma ovalada, de color amarillo, y con un olor aromático, y que tiene una corteza delgada y es de sabor agradable.